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Related Concept Videos

Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Surgical Robot-Assisted Transanal Specimen Extraction Radical Sigmoidectomy Without an Auxiliary Abdominal Incision
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Sustainable Surgery: A Hand Surgeon's Guide to Ergonomics.

Tobi J Somorin1, Sripadh B Sharma1, April Chambers2

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|May 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Hand surgeons experience significant ergonomic challenges. Implementing specific ergonomic strategies can reduce musculoskeletal strain and improve surgical outcomes.

Keywords:
Ergonomicshand surgerymusculoskeletal disordersoccupational healthsurgical ergonomics

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Surgical Ergonomics
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Hand surgeons face unique ergonomic challenges due to prolonged static postures, high-precision motor demands, and strain from magnification equipment.
  • Despite the prevalence of musculoskeletal issues, ergonomic interventions tailored to hand surgery are understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the musculoskeletal burden in hand surgery.
  • To provide evidence-based ergonomic recommendations for various hand surgery subspecialties.

Main Methods:

  • This nonsystematic review synthesized existing literature on ergonomic challenges and solutions in hand surgery.
  • Recommendations were categorized based on surgical approach: microsurgery, open surgery, endoscopic, and arthroscopic procedures.

Main Results:

  • Microsurgery benefits from neutral head positioning and microscope alignment.
  • Open surgery requires optimal table height and instrument placement.
  • Endoscopic and arthroscopic procedures necessitate specific monitor and joint positioning, respectively.
  • Workstation configuration, equipment, and environmental factors are crucial across all hand surgery types.

Conclusions:

  • Implementing targeted ergonomic principles can significantly decrease work-related musculoskeletal disorders in hand surgeons.
  • A cultural shift prioritizing ergonomic health is essential for surgical practice, training, career longevity, and patient outcomes.