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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Modeling Breast Cancer in Human Breast Tissue using a Microphysiological System

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Published on: April 23, 2021

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Pneumonitis: Implications for Definitive Breast Cancer Reconstruction.

Sripadh B Sharma¹, Sarah M Tepe, Christopher J Fedor

¹Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.

Annals of Plastic Surgery

|January 30, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonitis (CIP) is a rare but serious complication after immunotherapy. This case highlights CIP occurring after breast reconstruction surgery, emphasizing the need for awareness among surgeons.

Keywords:

breast cancer checkpoint pneumonitis immunotherapy reconstruction

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Plastic Surgery

Background:

Checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonitis (CIP) is a rare, life-threatening immune-related adverse event.
CIP occurrence post-breast reconstruction surgery is not well-documented, posing diagnostic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a case of CIP in the immediate postoperative period following breast reconstruction.
To highlight the diagnostic and management considerations for CIP in this context.

Main Methods:

Case report of a 59-year-old female with breast cancer undergoing reconstruction post-immunotherapy.
Diagnostic workup included ruling out common postoperative complications and imaging for CIP.
Treatment involved corticosteroids, IVIG, and MMF.

Main Results:

The patient developed respiratory compromise post-reconstruction, diagnosed as CIP.
The patient recovered with medical management and was discharged on supplemental oxygen.
Follow-up showed recovery to room air and good reconstructive outcomes.

Conclusions:

CIP is a critical consideration in patients undergoing breast reconstruction after immunotherapy.
Breast and reconstructive surgeons must be aware of this potential complication.
Early recognition and management are crucial for patient recovery.