[Resilience: evolution of theoretical concepts and clinical applications]

The conceptual approach of resilience is part of a perspective of understanding and support to people facing situations of risk or traumatic events. This approach has transformed clinical practices by offering an alternative to the psychopathological model initially focused on vulnerability, allowing it to take into account the resources and skills of people and their environment. It has applications in many clinical fields: psychology, psychiatry, education, social work, health... The concept of resilience, which now has been studied for more than forty years, is met with growing interest, as is evident by the large number of research and publications that refer to it on the international stage. Over the decades, its theoretical contours evolved and have been more specified. Resilience is now considered a complex process resulting from a balance between risk factors and protective factors. This article puts into perspective the major advances that have been made since its emergence to contemporary research and its applications.