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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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Analysis of Developing Tooth Germ Innervation Using Microfluidic Co-culture Devices
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Nfic regulates tooth root patterning and growth.

Tak-Heun Kim1, Cheol-Hyeon Bae1, Siqin Yang1

  • 1Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.

Anatomy & Cell Biology
|September 30, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear factor I-C (Nfic) is crucial for molar root development. Nfic knockout mice show taurodontism, indicating Nfic regulates mesenchymal cell proliferation and epithelial root sheath cell fate during root patterning.

Keywords:
Cell proliferationHERSNficRoot patterningTaurodontism

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Molecular interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme are vital for tooth root formation.
  • Nuclear factor I-C (Nfic) is a known regulator, but its precise role in root development and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of Nfic in molar root patterning and growth.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying root formation involving Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) and dental mesenchyme.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Nfic knockout mice to study molar root development.
  • Analyzed cell proliferation using BrdU staining.
  • Examined the expression of key proteins like cytokeratin 14, laminin, Smoothened (Smo), and Gli1 in HERS and mesenchymal cells.

Main Results:

  • Nfic knockout molars displayed taurodontism with delayed furcation formation.
  • Reduced cell proliferation in the apical mesenchyme and increased proliferation in the furcation region's dental papilla were observed.
  • Altered localization of cytokeratin 14, Smo, and Gli1 suggests Nfic impacts HERS cell fate and signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Nfic plays a critical role in regulating dental mesenchymal cell proliferation.
  • Nfic influences the fate of HERS cells in a site-specific manner during root development.
  • Nfic is essential for proper root patterning and growth, including furcation formation.