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LTP enhances synaptogenesis in the developing hippocampus.

Deborah J Watson1, Linnaea Ostroff2, Guan Cao1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78731.

Hippocampus
|September 30, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) in young rats at postnatal day 15 (P15) promotes the formation of new small dendritic spines, unlike in adults. These newly formed spines appear functionally silent, suggesting a role in future synaptic plasticity.

Keywords:
3DEMpostnatal day 15synapsesthetaburst stimulationultrastructure

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Adult hippocampus long-term potentiation (LTP) enlarges synapses and inhibits new spine formation.
  • Postnatal day 15 (P15) is a critical period for synaptogenesis in rat hippocampus, with less than 35% of dendritic spines formed.
  • LTP's effect on synaptic structure may differ during this active developmental phase compared to adulthood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of LTP on structural synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal area CA1 of Long-Evans rats at P15.
  • To determine if LTP at P15 influences dendritic spine formation or elimination differently than in adult brains.
  • To characterize the temporal dynamics of spine and synapse changes following LTP induction at P15.

Main Methods:

  • Induction of LTP using theta-burst stimulation (TBS) in hippocampal slices from P15 rats.
  • Control stimulation applied to independent sites within the same slices.
  • Rapid fixation at 5, 30, and 120 minutes post-stimulation for analysis via three-dimensional reconstruction from serial section electron microscopy (3DEM).
  • Comparison with in vivo perfusion-fixed (PF) hippocampus at P15.

Main Results:

  • TBS-induced LTP led to a significant increase in small dendritic spines by 30 minutes, persisting for 120 minutes.
  • Control stimulation resulted in spine loss by 120 minutes, but not earlier.
  • Newly formed or lost spines associated with LTP or control stimulation had small synapses and appeared functionally silent at 120 minutes.
  • Accurate measurements of spine and synapse densities and sizes were obtained.

Conclusions:

  • At P15, LTP promotes the formation of new, small dendritic spines, contrasting with adult hippocampal plasticity.
  • These TBS-induced spines, and spines lost during control stimulation, seem functionally silent at 120 minutes post-induction.
  • LTP at P15 may prime the system by forming new spines as substrates for future synaptic plasticity, while existing synapses are activated.