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Exploring brain functional plasticity in world class gymnasts: a network analysis.

Junjing Wang1, Min Lu2, Yuanyuan Fan1

  • 1Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China.

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Summary

Intensive gymnastic training alters brain function, showing reduced connectivity and network reorganization in elite athletes. These changes in the cerebellum and specific brain networks are linked to years of practice.

Keywords:
Brain functional networkCerebellumCingulo-opercular networkFronto-parietal network

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Learning
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Long-term motor skill acquisition, such as intensive gymnastic training, induces brain plasticity.
  • Previous research identified structural brain changes in world-class gymnasts (WCGs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate brain functional plasticity in WCGs using brain functional network analysis.
  • To compare network parameters between WCGs and controls to identify functional reorganization.

Main Methods:

  • Acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 13 WCGs and 14 controls.
  • Constructed brain functional networks and analyzed differences in network parameters (connectivity, efficiency, modularity).

Main Results:

  • WCGs exhibited decreased overall functional connectivity (FC), local, and global efficiency compared to controls.
  • Significant intra- and inter-modular reorganization was observed in the cerebellum, cingulo-opercular, and fronto-parietal networks.
  • Decreased nodal strength and efficiency were noted in specific non-rich club regions within these networks.
  • FC between the fronto-parietal and sensorimotor networks negatively correlated with training duration.

Conclusions:

  • Functional plasticity is detectable in the brain networks of WCGs, particularly in the cerebellum, fronto-parietal, and cingulo-opercular networks.
  • These findings suggest distinct neural mechanisms underlying elite gymnastic performance and highlight the brain's adaptability to intensive motor skill learning.