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Engineering Microbiomes to Improve Plant and Animal Health.

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We introduce host-mediated microbiome selection, a novel method to engineer microbiomes for improved host health and fitness. This approach uses host traits to select beneficial microbial communities, enhancing animal and plant well-being.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Host-microbe interactions
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Microbiomes are essential for host health and fitness in plants and animals.
  • Artificial selection on microbiomes offers a novel strategy to enhance host functions.
  • Existing methods for microbiome manipulation lack a structured approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and define host-mediated microbiome selection (HMMS).
  • To compare methods for imposing artificial selection on microbiomes.
  • To outline strategies for optimizing microbiome engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Explanation and comparison of principal artificial selection methods for microbiomes.
  • Skeptical appraisal of methods considering advantages and challenges.
  • Development of experimental strategies for microbiome engineering.

Main Results:

  • Host phenotypes can be used as probes to gauge and manipulate microbiome functions.
  • A predictive framework for microbiome engineering is developed.
  • The framework integrates principles of artificial selection, quantitative genetics, and microbial ecology.

Conclusions:

  • Host-mediated microbiome selection is a promising approach for engineering beneficial microbiomes.
  • This method leverages evolved host traits to indirectly select microbial communities.
  • Further research can optimize microbiome engineering for enhanced host fitness.