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Peptide Bonds

Peptide Bonds

A peptide bond covalently attaches amino acids through a dehydration reaction. One amino acid's carboxyl group and another amino acid's amino group combine, releasing a water molecule. The resulting bond is the peptide bond. The products that such linkages form are peptides. As more amino acids join this growing chain, the resulting chain is a polypeptide. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end. This end has the N-terminal, or the amino-terminal, and the other end has a free...

Peptidoglycan Synthesis

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Structure of PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan is a vital structural component of the bacterial cell wall, providing mechanical strength and shape to the cell. It consists of repeating units of two sugars—N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)—linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These sugar chains are cross-linked by short peptide chains, forming a mesh-like polymer that surrounds the bacterial plasma membrane.Cytoplasmic Phase – Precursor SynthesisPeptidoglycan...

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Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Solid Phase Synthesis of a Functionalized Bis-Peptide Using "Safety Catch" Methodology

Solid Phase Synthesis of a Functionalized Bis-Peptide Using "Safety Catch" Methodology

Published on: May 15, 2012

Solid-Phase Peptide-Carrier Conjugation.

Gunnar Houen¹, Dorthe T Olsen²

¹Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark. gh@ssi.dk.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|October 2, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Peptide conjugation to carrier proteins is essential for antibody production. Novel solid-phase methods offer efficient alternatives to traditional solution-phase conjugation for creating immunogenic peptide-carrier complexes.

Keywords:

Antibodies Carrier Conjugation Peptide Solid phase

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Area of Science:

Bioconjugation Chemistry
Immunology
Peptide Chemistry

Background:

Antibody formation against peptides requires conjugation to immunogenic carrier proteins.
Traditional methods involve solution-phase conjugation followed by adjuvant mixing.
Solid-phase conjugation offers an alternative approach.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore and describe alternative methods for peptide-carrier conjugation.
To detail solid-phase chemistry approaches for creating immunogenic complexes.
To present direct use of adjuvant-carrier-peptide complexes for immunization.

Main Methods:

Peptide functional groups (-SH, -NH2, -COOH) are utilized for conjugation.
Carrier proteins are adsorbed onto solid supports (e.g., ion-exchange matrix).
Solid-phase chemistry is employed for peptide conjugation to immobilized carriers.
Aluminum hydroxide can serve as a solid-phase matrix for immobilization and conjugation.

Main Results:

Successful conjugation of peptides to carrier proteins via solid-phase chemistry.
Elution of conjugates from ion-exchange matrices for subsequent adjuvant mixing.
Direct formation and use of adjuvant-carrier-peptide complexes immobilized on aluminum hydroxide.

Conclusions:

Solid-phase conjugation provides efficient strategies for preparing peptide-carrier conjugates.
Utilizing adjuvants as solid-phase matrices simplifies the preparation of immunogenic complexes.
These methods facilitate direct immunization with adjuvant-carrier-peptide complexes.