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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency
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Splicing noncoding RNAs from the inside out.

Li Yang1,2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

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|October 2, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spliced introns, once thought degraded, can form functional noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). This discovery reveals unexpected complexity and function within eukaryotic genomes, expanding the known repertoire of ncRNAs.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic precursor-messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) are processed via splicing, removing introns and joining exons.
  • Introns were traditionally considered non-functional and destined for degradation after splicing.
  • Recent research challenges this view, indicating a significant role for spliced introns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional fate of spliced introns from pre-mRNAs.
  • To identify and characterize noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) derived from introns.
  • To explore the implications of intronic ncRNAs for genomic complexity and function.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of pre-mRNA splicing pathways.
  • RNA sequencing and characterization of spliced products.
  • Identification of various classes of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs).

Main Results:

  • A substantial subset of spliced introns escapes degradation.
  • These introns are processed into diverse ncRNAs, including small RNAs, long-noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs.
  • Exonic sequences can also form stable circular RNAs via back-splicing.

Conclusions:

  • Spliced introns are a significant source of functional ncRNAs.
  • This finding expands the known origins and diversity of ncRNAs.
  • Eukaryotic genomes exhibit greater transcriptomic complexity and functional potential than previously recognized.