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Endoscopic Evaluation of Upper and Lower Gastro-Intestinal Bleeding
Emeka Ray-Offor1, Solomon N Elenwo1
1Department of Surgery, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and Digestive Disease Unit, Oak Endoscopy Centre, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Summary
Gastro-intestinal bleeding (GIB) diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Endoscopy effectively identifies causes like gastritis and hemorrhoids, leading to successful interventions with zero mortality.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Clinical Medicine
- Diagnostic Endoscopy
Background:
- Gastro-intestinal bleeding (GIB) presents with varied pathologies and clinical signs like hematemesis, melena, and hematochezia.
- Endoscopic procedures are essential for localizing and treating GIB lesions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the differential diagnosis of GIB.
- To emphasize the role of endoscopy in diagnosing and treating GIB.
Main Methods:
- A prospective study was conducted from February 2012 to August 2014 in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
- Data included demographics, clinical presentation, endoscopic findings, and treatment outcomes for 59 GIB cases.
- Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.
Main Results:
- Endoscopy identified gastritis and benign gastric ulcers as common upper GIB causes (39%).
- Hemorrhoids were the leading cause of lower GIB (41%).
- Injection sclerotherapy was successful for hemorrhoids and gastric varices, with 0% mortality.
Conclusions:
- Endoscopy plays a vital role in the diagnosis and management of GIB.
- Gastritis and hemorrhoids are the most frequent causes of upper and lower GIB in the studied population.
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