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Does Femoroacetabular Impingement Cause Hip Instability? A Systematic Review
Colin D Canham1, Yi-Meng Yen2, Brian D Giordano3
1Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Hip Preservation Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, U.S.A.
Summary
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is linked to hip instability. Specific FAI features, like cam and pincer lesions, may cause posterior hip subluxation and dislocation due to anatomical conflict.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Sports Medicine
- Biomechanics
Background:
- Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a condition characterized by abnormal hip joint morphology.
- Hip instability can manifest as subluxation or dislocation, significantly impacting joint function.
- Understanding the relationship between FAI and hip instability is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically investigate the association between femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and hip instability.
- To determine the prevalence of FAI morphologic features in patients experiencing hip instability.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was performed adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
- Included studies were clinical and basic science research documenting FAI and hip instability.
- Exclusion criteria included lack of diagnostic criteria for FAI, prosthetic hips, non-English articles, reviews, and Level V evidence.
Main Results:
- Seven studies (4 clinical, 3 basic science) met the inclusion criteria.
- FAI was present in 89% of patients with hip instability (n=92).
- Cam (74%) and pincer (64%) morphologies were common; posterior subluxation and dislocation occurred in 16% and 76% of patients, respectively.
Conclusions:
- A high prevalence of FAI morphologic characteristics exists in individuals with hip instability.
- FAI may predispose the hip to instability through anatomical conflict, leading to posterior femoral head displacement.
