Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Subviral Agents

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Non-human Primate Lymphocryptoviruses: Past, Present, and Future.

Current topics in microbiology and immunology·2025

Same author

Sequence-Optimized mRNA Vaccines Against Infectious Disease.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2024

Same author

Immunogenicity and protective activity of mRNA vaccine candidates against yellow fever virus in animal models.

NPJ vaccines·2023

Same author

Neutralizing antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus infection of B cells can protect from oral viral challenge in the rhesus macaque animal model.

Cell reports. Medicine·2021

Same author

CVnCoV and CV2CoV protect human ACE2 transgenic mice from ancestral B BavPat1 and emerging B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2.

Nature communications·2021

Same author

Species-specific functions of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) reveal dual roles for initiation and maintenance of B cell immortalization.

PLoS pathogens·2017

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Laparoscopic Technique for Serial Collection of Liver and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Macaques

Laparoscopic Technique for Serial Collection of Liver and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Macaques

Published on: May 2, 2017

Non-human Primate Lymphocryptoviruses: Past, Present, and Future.

Janine Mühe^1,2, Fred Wang^3,4,5

¹Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115.

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

|October 3, 2015

Summary

Non-human primate lymphocryptoviruses (LCVs) closely resemble Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Rhesus macaque LCVs now provide a powerful model for EBV infection, aiding vaccine development.

Keywords:

Animal model Host range Lymphocryptovirus Non-human primate Rhesus macaque

More Related Videos

Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining

Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining

Published on: December 23, 2016

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors

Published on: September 13, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Laparoscopic Technique for Serial Collection of Liver and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Macaques

Laparoscopic Technique for Serial Collection of Liver and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Macaques

Published on: May 2, 2017

Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining

Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining

Published on: December 23, 2016

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors

Published on: September 13, 2018

Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Comparative Medicine

Background:

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) related lymphocryptoviruses (LCVs) in non-human primates (NHPs) have been studied for decades.
NHP LCVs share genomic and protein similarities with EBV, belonging to the gamma-1 herpesvirus genus.
Previous EBV infections in NHPs failed to fully recapitulate human disease due to host species restriction.

Purpose of the Study:

To review 50 years of NHP LCV research.
To highlight the development of rhesus macaque LCV (rhLCV) as an EBV infection model.
To discuss the utility of NHP LCVs and the rhLCV model for future EBV research and vaccine development.

Main Methods:

Comparative genomic and sequence analyses of EBV and NHP LCVs.
Development of a molecular clone of a rhesus macaque LCV (rhLCV).
Utilizing LCV-naïve rhesus macaque colonies for experimental infection studies.

Main Results:

NHP LCVs exhibit similar genome structures and express homologous proteins to EBV.
Experimental EBV infection in NHPs did not fully mimic human disease.
The rhLCV model accurately reproduces EBV transmission, viremia, lifelong persistence, and immune responses seen in humans.

Conclusions:

NHP LCVs are valuable for understanding EBV biology.
The rhesus macaque LCV model offers a significant advancement for studying EBV infection.
This model system holds promise for accelerating EBV vaccine development and therapeutic strategies.