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Related Concept Videos

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Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
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Related Experiment Video

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Placental transcriptome in development and pathology: expression, function, and methods of analysis.

Brian Cox1, Katherine Leavey2, Ursula Nosi2

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
|October 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores placental transcriptome biology and analysis methods. It highlights the role of novel RNA species in pregnancy pathologies and their diagnostic potential in maternal blood.

Keywords:
RNAmicroarraynext-generation sequencingplacentatranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The placenta is crucial for mammalian pregnancy, and its developmental errors cause significant pathologies.
  • Advanced genomic techniques have revealed novel RNA species like micro-RNA, long noncoding RNA, and circular RNA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of placental transcriptome biology and analysis.
  • To detail the application of transcriptome analysis in understanding placental development and pathologies.
  • To explore the use of transcriptome analysis for diagnostic biomarkers in maternal blood.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on transcriptome biology and analysis techniques.
  • Summarization of methods for RNA isolation and high-throughput sequencing (microarrays, next-generation sequencing).
  • Organization of analysis techniques and tools into comparative reference tables.

Main Results:

  • Identification of micro-RNA, long noncoding RNA, and circular RNA as key regulatory molecules.
  • Demonstration of transcriptome analysis utility in studying pregnancy disorders like preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction.
  • Highlighting the potential of genome-wide gene expression analysis for biomarker discovery.

Conclusions:

  • Transcriptome analysis is a powerful tool for investigating placental function and dysfunction.
  • Novel RNA species play critical roles in regulating gene expression during pregnancy.
  • Placental transcriptome analysis holds promise for developing diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for pregnancy complications.