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Hepatitis B virus infection in northern Uganda: Impact of pentavalent hepatitis B vaccination

Eyasu H Teshale1, Saleem Kamili1, Jan Drobeniuc1

  • 1Division of Viral Hepatitis, CDC, Atlanta, United States.

Vaccine
|October 4, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Uganda

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) poses a significant global health burden.
  • Vaccination is a primary strategy for preventing chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHBI).
  • Uganda introduced a pentavalent hepatitis B vaccine policy in 2002, with vaccination commencing at 6 weeks of age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the pentavalent hepatitis B vaccine administered at 6 weeks of age in preventing CHBI in Uganda.
  • To assess potential infant vulnerability to HBV infection during the first 6 weeks of life under the current vaccination policy.

Main Methods:

  • A serologic study was conducted involving 656 individuals tested for HBV.
  • Prevalence of chronic HBV infection was determined across different age groups.
  • A specific analysis focused on children born after the vaccine policy implementation (aged ≤ 4 years).

Main Results:

  • Overall, 9.4% of the 656 individuals tested had chronic HBV infection.
  • Among children aged 5-9 years, the prevalence of CHBI was 7.6%.
  • Crucially, none of the 73 children born after the vaccine policy's introduction (≤ 4 years old) were infected with HBV (p = 0.003).

Conclusions:

  • Vaccination with the pentavalent hepatitis B vaccine at 6 weeks of age was not associated with CHBI in the studied population.
  • This vaccination schedule appears effective in preventing HBV infection, including potential mother-to-infant transmission in settings lacking birth-dose vaccination access.

Keywords:
Birth-doseHepatitis B virusMother-to-infant transmissionPentavalent vaccinePrevalence

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