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Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Peroxisome Staining in Mammalian Cells Using Peroxisome-Specific Probes
Published on: December 19, 2025
Towards the molecular mechanism of the integration of peroxisomal membrane proteins
Evdokia-Anastasia Giannopoulou1, Leonidas Emmanouilidis2, Michael Sattler2
1EMBL Hamburg, c/o DESY, Building 25A, Notkestraße 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany.
Abstract:
The correct topogenesis of peroxisomal membrane proteins is a crucial step for the formation of functioning peroxisomes. Although this process has been widely studied, the exact mechanism with which it occurs has not yet been fully characterized. Nevertheless, it is generally accepted that peroxisomes employ three proteins - Pex3, Pex19 and Pex16 in mammals - for the insertion of peroxisomal membrane proteins into the peroxisomal membrane. Structural biology approaches have been utilized for the elucidation of the mechanistic questions of peroxisome biogenesis, mainly by providing information on the architecture of the proteins significant for this process. This review aims to summarize, compare and put into perspective the structural knowledge that has been generated mainly for Pex3 and Pex19 and their interaction partners in recent years.
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