Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Published on: December 20, 2024

Comparison of Frictional Forces Generated by a New Ceramic Bracket with the Conventional Brackets using

Azam Pasha¹, Swati Vishwakarma², Anjali Narayan³

¹Professor, Department of Orthodontics, MR Ambedkar Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Journal of International Oral Health : JIOH

|October 6, 2015

Abstract

Background:

Fixed orthodontic mechanotherapy is associated with friction between the bracket - wire - ligature interfaces during the sliding mechanics. A sound knowledge of the various factors affecting the magnitude of friction is of paramount importance. The present study was done to analyze and compare the frictional forces generated by a new ceramic (Clarity Advanced) bracket with the conventional, (metal and ceramic) brackets using unconventional and conventional ligation system, and the self-ligating (metal and ceramic) brackets in the dry condition.

Materials And Methods:

The various bracket wire ligation combinations were tested in dry condition. The brackets used were of 0.022″ × 0.028″ nominal slot dimension of MBT prescription: Stainless steel (SS) self-ligating bracket (SLB) of (SmartClip), SS Conventional bracket (CB) (Victory series), Ceramic SLB (Clarity SL), Conventional Ceramic bracket with metal slot (Clarity Bracket), Clarity Advanced Ceramic Brackets (Clarity(™) ADVANCED, 3M Unitek). These brackets were used with two types of elastomeric ligatures: Conventional Elastomeric Ligatures (CEL) (Clear medium mini modules) and Unconventional Elastomeric Ligatures (UEL) (Clear medium slide ligatures, Leone orthodontic products). The aligning and the retraction wires were used, i.e., 0.014″ nickel titanium (NiTi) wires and 0.019″ × 0.025″ SS wires, respectively. A universal strength testing machine was used to measure the friction produced between the different bracket, archwires, and ligation combination. This was done with the use of a custom-made jig being in position.

Results:

Mean, standard deviation, and range were computed for the frictional values obtained. Results were subjected to statistical analysis through ANOVA. The frictional resistance observed in the new Clarity Advanced bracket with a conventional elastomeric ligature was almost similar with the Clarity metal slot bracket with a conventional elastomeric ligature. When using the UEL, the Clarity Advanced bracket produced lesser friction than the conventional metal bracket; but not less than the ceramic metal slot bracket. Ceramic SLB produced lesser friction when compared with the Clarity Advanced bracket with UEL, but the metal SLB produced the least friction among all the groups and subgroups.

Conclusion:

The present study concluded that the SS SLB produced least friction among all groups. Using the archwire and ligation method, frictional forces observed in the Clarity Advanced bracket and the conventional ceramic with metal slot bracket were almost similar; but the least resistance was determined in SS CB using both the ligation (CEL and UEL) system.

Keywords:

Clarity Advanced brackets conventional elastomeric ligatures friction self-ligating brackets sliding mechanics unconventional elastomeric ligatures

More Related Videos

Force System with Vertical V-Bends: A 3D In Vitro Assessment of Elastic and Rigid Rectangular Archwires

Force System with Vertical V-Bends: A 3D In Vitro Assessment of Elastic and Rigid Rectangular Archwires

Published on: July 24, 2018

Author Spotlight: Development of a Novel Finite Element Analysis Model for Improved Orthognathic Surgical Techniques

Author Spotlight: Development of a Novel Finite Element Analysis Model for Improved Orthognathic Surgical Techniques

Published on: October 20, 2023

Related Concept Videos

Frictional Forces on Screws

Frictional Forces on Screws

Screws are characterized by a helical ridge known as a thread wrapped around a cylindrical shaft. They are commonly used as fasteners to hold objects together or to transmit power and motion in machines. One type of screw that is particularly useful for transmitting power is the square-threaded screw.
A jack with a square-threaded screw is a mechanical device used to lift heavy loads by applying a force at its handle. When the force is applied, the screw turns, raising the load. The screw can...

Wedges

Wedges

A wedge is a simple machine that serves various purposes, such as adjusting the elevation of structural or mechanical parts, providing stability for heavy objects, and splitting a body into two parts. This versatile tool can amplify an applied force, making it easier to manipulate large or heavy objects.
Consider using a wedge to lift a heavy slab. Here, the wedge functions by converting the applied force into a much larger force directed almost perpendicular to the initial force. This...

Frictional Force

Frictional Force

When a body is in motion, it encounters resistance because the body interacts with its surroundings. This resistance is known as friction, a common yet complex force whose behavior is still not completely understood. Friction opposes relative motion between systems in contact, but also allows us to move. Friction arises in part due to the roughness of surfaces in contact. For one object to move along a surface, it must rise to where the peaks of the surface can skip along the bottom of the...

Static and Kinetic Frictional Force

Static and Kinetic Frictional Force

One of the simpler characteristics of sliding friction is that it is parallel to the contact surfaces between systems, and is always in a direction that opposes the motion or attempted motion of the systems relative to each other. If two systems are in contact and moving relative to one another, then the friction between them is called kinetic friction. For example, kinetic friction slows a hockey puck sliding on ice.
However, if two systems are in contact and are stationary relative to one...

Machines: Problem Solving I

Machines: Problem Solving I

A toggle clamp is a mechanical device commonly used for holding and clamping objects in various applications, such as woodworking, metalworking, and assembly operations. Consider a toggle clamp subjected to a force of 200 N at the handle. The vertical clamping force can be calculated, provided the dimensions of the toggle clamp are known.
The toggle clamp system is a machine structure consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that form a stabilized system to transmit forces. The...

Bearings: Problem Solving

Bearings: Problem Solving

Understanding the calculations and concepts related to double-collar bearings is essential for engineers and designers to optimize the performance of these components in various applications. By analyzing the bearing under different conditions, one can ensure that it can withstand the forces and moments experienced during operation. This knowledge enables better decision-making when designing and selecting bearings for specific purposes and configurations. Consider a double-collar bearing with...

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Deep learning-based detection of acid-fast bacilli in microscopy images: a systematic review.

American journal of clinical pathology·2026

A round-robin exercise for the precise prediction of aqueous solubility of organic chemicals using chemometric, machine learning, and stacking ensemble of deep learning models.

Journal of computer-aided molecular design·2026

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of phthalimide derivatives as anti-alzheimer agents: QSAR, ARKA, Hybrid ARKA-RASAR, virtual screening, molecular docking and ADMET studies.

Molecular diversity·2026

A hyperspectral imaging framework integrating band selection and deep learning for beverage stain classification in forensic analysis.

Scientific reports·2026

Structural insights into TNF-α inhibition by bioactive compounds found in plants of North East India: in vitro validation and in silico investigations using QSAR, molecular docking, and dynamics simulations.

Molecular diversity·2026

Soil degradation toxicity potential (DT50) of VPs followed by biodegradability and leaching: Exploration of possible aquatic and terrestrial component toxicity through QSAR, q-RASAR, and comprehensive screening.

Environmental science and pollution research international·2026

See all related articles