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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
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Exocytosis00:50

Exocytosis

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Exocytosis is a process that releases molecules outside the cell. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
Exocytosis is the opposite of endocytosis, which brings molecules inside the cell. Sometimes, the released materials are signaling molecules. For example, neurons typically use exocytosis to release neurotransmitters. Cells also use exocytosis to insert proteins such as ion channels into their cell membranes, secrete proteins for use in the extracellular matrix, or...
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Exocytosis00:51

Exocytosis

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Exocytosis is used to release material from cells. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
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Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

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Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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ER Retrieval Pathway01:45

ER Retrieval Pathway

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In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Imaging FITC-dextran as a Reporter for Regulated Exocytosis
04:50

Imaging FITC-dextran as a Reporter for Regulated Exocytosis

Published on: June 20, 2018

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Dual-Function Exocytosis Regulator Has Yet Another Job.

Richard Robinson1

  • 1Freelance Science Writer, Sherborn, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Plos Biology
|October 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Synaptotagmins, proteins regulating neurotransmitter release, are crucial for vesicle tethering and priming before fusion. This study reveals their expanded role in synaptic vesicle cycling.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Synaptotagmins are known regulators of neurotransmitter vesicle fusion.
  • Vesicle fusion is essential for synaptic transmission.
  • The precise mechanisms of vesicle recruitment and preparation remain under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of synaptotagmins in the early stages of synaptic vesicle cycling.
  • To determine if synaptotagmins are involved in vesicle tethering and priming, prior to fusion.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetic manipulation in model organisms.
  • Employed advanced microscopy techniques to visualize vesicle dynamics.
  • Performed biochemical assays to assess protein interactions.

More Related Videos

Automated Detection and Analysis of Exocytosis
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Automated Detection and Analysis of Exocytosis

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The Cell-based L-Glutathione Protection Assays to Study Endocytosis and Recycling of Plasma Membrane Proteins
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The Cell-based L-Glutathione Protection Assays to Study Endocytosis and Recycling of Plasma Membrane Proteins

Published on: December 13, 2013

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Imaging FITC-dextran as a Reporter for Regulated Exocytosis
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Imaging FITC-dextran as a Reporter for Regulated Exocytosis

Published on: June 20, 2018

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Automated Detection and Analysis of Exocytosis
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Automated Detection and Analysis of Exocytosis

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The Cell-based L-Glutathione Protection Assays to Study Endocytosis and Recycling of Plasma Membrane Proteins
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The Cell-based L-Glutathione Protection Assays to Study Endocytosis and Recycling of Plasma Membrane Proteins

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Main Results:

  • Synaptotagmins were found to be essential for the tethering of vesicles to the presynaptic membrane.
  • The study demonstrated that synaptotagmins also play a critical role in the priming of vesicles for release.
  • Evidence suggests synaptotagmins act at multiple steps in the synaptic vesicle cycle.

Conclusions:

  • Synaptotagmins have a broader function than previously understood, extending beyond membrane fusion.
  • These findings provide new insights into the regulation of synaptic transmission.
  • Targeting synaptotagmin function could offer novel therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders.