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Human viral gastroenteritis.

M L Christensen1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fastidious viruses like rotaviruses and adenoviruses cause significant viral gastroenteritis, especially in children. New diagnostic methods and vaccines are being developed to combat these prevalent infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Acute viral gastroenteritis is a major global health concern, particularly in pediatric populations.
  • Electron microscopy has been crucial in identifying numerous fastidious viruses responsible for gastroenteritis over the past 15 years.
  • Key viral agents include rotaviruses, adenoviruses, caliciviruses, astroviruses, and coronaviruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery and impact of fastidious viruses causing acute viral gastroenteritis.
  • To highlight diagnostic advancements and the development of countermeasures like vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Electron microscopy of stool specimens for viral identification.
  • Development of enzyme immunoassays and rapid antigen detection systems.

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  • Clinical observation of patient demographics and disease severity.

    • Main Results:

    • Rotaviruses and adenoviruses are primary causes of gastroenteritis in infants and young children.
    • Caliciviruses, astroviruses, and coronaviruses contribute to a lesser extent.
    • Norwalk virus and similar agents cause outbreaks in older individuals, typically requiring less intensive medical care.

    Conclusions:

    • Advances in diagnostics have improved the detection of key gastroenteritis-causing viruses.
    • The development of rotavirus vaccines addresses a significant public health need.
    • Understanding viral etiology is crucial for managing and preventing gastroenteritis globally.