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BEEF SPECIES SYMPOSIUM: Beef production without mature cows.

G E Seidel, J C Whittier

    Journal of Animal Science
    |October 7, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Beef production efficiency can be improved by using sexed semen to produce more heifer calves, reducing the overall cow herd size and nutrient waste. This strategy enhances nutrient utilization for growth over maintenance, minimizing environmental impact.

    Area of Science:

    • Animal Science
    • Reproductive Biology
    • Sustainable Agriculture

    Background:

    • Mature beef cows allocate over 80% of annual nutrient intake to maintenance.
    • Beef production's inefficiency is largely due to the nutrient demands of maintaining cow herds.
    • Nearly half of all nutrients in the U.S. beef system support cow herd maintenance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a modified single-calf heifer system using sexed semen to enhance beef production efficiency.
    • To decrease the size of the beef cow herd and minimize nutrient waste.
    • To increase the ratio of nutrients partitioned to growth versus maintenance.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing sexed semen to ensure most heifers produce heifer calves.
    • Implementing additional management practices such as artificial insemination (AI) and early weaning.

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  • Calving two-year-old heifers requires specific management attention.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant reduction in cow herd size, leading to decreased nutrient consumption and waste (e.g., methane).
    • Increased efficiency by shifting nutrient partitioning from maintenance to growth.
    • Elimination of breeding back first-calf heifers, castration, and reduced incidence of health issues in older cows.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed system, despite challenges like lower conception rates with sexed semen and slower female growth, offers substantial efficiency gains.
    • Decreasing cow herd size is key to improving nutrient use and reducing environmental impact.
    • Accelerated genetic progress is achievable due to a decreased generation interval.