Case-control study of endemic diarrheal disease in Thai children

In a year-long, case-control study of endemic diarrheal disease among 1230 Thai children less than five years of age, rotavirus was detected in 20%, Campylobacter in 13%, Shigella in 13%, Salmonella in 12%, and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in 9%. The differences in detection of enteric pathogens between patients and controls was significant for rotavirus (P less than .001), Shigella (P less than .001), ETEC that produced heat-labile and heat-stable toxins (LT and ST; P = .005), and ST only (P less than .001). C. jejuni was most significantly associated with diarrhea in children less than 12 months [corrected] old (P = .037) and Salmonella in children less than three months of age (P = .003). Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) that adhered in a localized pattern to HeLa cells was isolated from 7% of patients and 3% of controls less than six months of age. Only 50% of these E. coli strains were of EPEC serotypes. Enteroinvasive E. coli was isolated from 7% of patients more than two years of age, and new serotypes were identified.