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Multiple introductions from multiple sources: invasion patterns for an important Eucalyptus leaf pathogen.

Matsepo Taole1, Wubetu Bihon2, Brenda D Wingfield3

  • 1Department of Biology National University of Lesotho P. O. 180 Roma Lesotho ; Department of Genetics Forestry and Agriculture Biotechnology Institute (FABI) University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Teratosphaeria suttonii, an invasive Eucalyptus pathogen, shows high genetic diversity in its native Australia but reduced diversity in exotic plantations. Human activities drive its long-distance spread, emphasizing quarantine importance.

Keywords:
Forest biosecurityTeratosphaeria suttoniigene flowmicrosatellite markersplantation forestry

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Ecology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Many invasive plant pathogen studies lack knowledge of pathogen origin.
  • Eucalyptus leaf pathogens primarily originate in Australia, allowing invasion pathway studies.
  • Teratosphaeria suttonii is a common Eucalyptus leaf pathogen, minor in Australia but severe in exotic plantations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the genetic structure of Teratosphaeria suttonii populations.
  • To compare genetic diversity between native and invasive populations.
  • To infer the pathways and drivers of T. suttonii invasion.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed genetic structure of 11 T. suttonii populations using nine polymorphic microsatellite markers.
  • Included four populations from native Australia and seven from exotic Eucalyptus plantations.
  • Assessed allele and haplotype diversity, reproduction modes, population differentiation, and gene flow.

Main Results:

  • Native Australian populations displayed high genetic diversity, clonal reproduction, high differentiation, and low gene flow.
  • Invasive populations showed variable diversity, generally lower in younger plantation industries.
  • Historical gene flow originated from Australia, with evidence of contemporary long-distance spread from South Africa to Uruguay.

Conclusions:

  • Human activities are the primary drivers of long-distance spread for T. suttonii.
  • Quarantine measures are crucial for managing invasive plant pathogens.
  • Understanding pathogen origin is vital for effective population studies and management strategies.