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Staphylococcus aureus ST121: a globally disseminated hypervirulent clone.

Qing Rao1, Weilong Shang1, Xiaomei Hu1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.

Journal of Medical Microbiology
|October 9, 2015
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Staphylococcus aureus ST121 is a globally spreading clone, often meticillin-susceptible, carrying virulence factors like Panton-Valentine leukocidin. This clone requires prolonged treatment and hospitalization due to its high pathogenicity.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of global bacterial infections.
  • Pandemic clones like HA-MRSA ST239 and CA-MRSA USA300 are well-known.
  • Typing methods like multilocus sequence typing (MLST) are crucial for characterizing strains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology of the Staphylococcus aureus ST121 clone.
  • To focus on the molecular types, toxin carriage, and disease spectrum of ST121.
  • To understand the global dissemination of this significant clone.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multilocus sequence typing (MLST) based on seven housekeeping genes.
  • Defined S. aureus groups by allele sharing at ≥5 of the seven loci.
  • Analyzed molecular types, accessory gene regulator (agr) types, staphylococcal protein A (spa) types, and toxin carriage.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 90% of ST121 strains are meticillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA).
  • The majority of ST121 strains carry accessory gene regulator type IV and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (>90%).
  • ST121 strains exhibit diverse staphylococcal protein A gene types and carry other virulence factors, contributing to high pathogenicity.

Conclusions:

  • Staphylococcus aureus ST121 is a globally disseminated clone with significant virulence.
  • Its high pathogenicity, often associated with Panton-Valentine leukocidin, leads to prolonged hospital stays and antimicrobial therapy.
  • Understanding ST121's molecular characteristics and disease spectrum is vital for managing infections.