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Perinatal Risk Factors Associated with the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in School-Aged Children Born Preterm

Ignacio E Tapia1, Justine Shults2, Lex W Doyle3

  • 1Sleep Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Sleep
|October 9, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is common in ex-preterm children. Chorioamnionitis and multiple gestation increase OSAS risk, while older maternal age and white race appear protective.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is more prevalent in ex-preterm children than the general pediatric population.
  • Perinatal risk factors for OSAS in ex-preterm children remain largely uncharacterized.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for early identification and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify specific perinatal risk factors associated with OSAS in ex-preterm children at school age.
  • To investigate the relationship between neonatal history and the development of OSAS.
  • To inform targeted screening and prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 197 ex-preterm children (500-1,250 g) underwent polysomnography at 5-12 years of age.
  • Data from a prior randomized clinical trial of caffeine for apnea of prematurity were utilized.
  • A negative binomial regression model analyzed associations between perinatal factors and OSAS.

Main Results:

  • OSAS was diagnosed in 9.6% of the studied ex-preterm children.
  • Chorioamnionitis and multiple gestation were significantly associated with increased OSAS risk (P=0.014, P=0.03).
  • Maternal white race and older maternal age showed a protective association with OSAS (P=0.047, P=0.002).

Conclusions:

  • OSAS is highly prevalent in ex-preterm children.
  • Specific perinatal factors like chorioamnionitis and multiple gestation are linked to OSAS development.
  • Maternal characteristics such as race and age may influence OSAS risk, potentially related to systemic inflammation or socioeconomic status.
Abstract

Keywords:
OSASpretermrisk factorsschool-aged

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