Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

1.3K
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
1.3K
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

945
Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
945
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

1.0K
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
1.0K
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

870
α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are...
870
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

946
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
946
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

608
Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
608

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Semaglutide as a potential tool in pre-lung transplant weight loss optimization.

JCEM case reports·2026
Same author

Real-world predictors of progression to type 2 diabetes among adults with prediabetes.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2026
Same author

Risk of Hyperkalemia With Empagliflozin, Finerenone, or Both: Secondary Analysis of the CONFIDENCE Randomized Trial.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2026
Same author

Post Hoc Analyses of DKD Clinical Trials in Ethnic Minorities (Asian, Hispanic, Black) Narrative Review.

Clinical therapeutics·2025
Same author

Repeated Withdrawal of a GLPR Agonist Induces Hyperleptinemia and Deteriorates Metabolic Health in Obese Aging UM-HET3 Mice.

Aging cell·2025
Same author

Changes in β-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity During Treatment With Dapagliflozin Alone or in Combination With Exenatide in Type 2 Diabetes.

Diabetes care·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine
07:00

Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine

Published on: February 26, 2019

10.1K

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Practical Considerations for Clinical Practice.

Curtis Triplitt1, Carolina Solis-Herrera2

  • 1University of Texas Health Science Center, Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas (Dr Triplitt, Dr Solis-Herrera) triplitt@uthscsa.edu.

The Diabetes Educator
|October 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) effectively manage type 2 diabetes (T2D) by lowering A1C and aiding weight loss. Different formulations offer varying benefits for glycemic control and side effect profiles.

More Related Videos

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices
06:34

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices

Published on: November 29, 2024

677
Mixed Primary Cultures of Murine Small Intestine Intended for the Study of Gut Hormone Secretion and Live Cell Imaging of Enteroendocrine Cells
09:16

Mixed Primary Cultures of Murine Small Intestine Intended for the Study of Gut Hormone Secretion and Live Cell Imaging of Enteroendocrine Cells

Published on: April 20, 2017

16.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine
07:00

Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine

Published on: February 26, 2019

10.1K
Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices
06:34

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices

Published on: November 29, 2024

677
Mixed Primary Cultures of Murine Small Intestine Intended for the Study of Gut Hormone Secretion and Live Cell Imaging of Enteroendocrine Cells
09:16

Mixed Primary Cultures of Murine Small Intestine Intended for the Study of Gut Hormone Secretion and Live Cell Imaging of Enteroendocrine Cells

Published on: April 20, 2017

16.2K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) management requires glycemic control to prevent adverse outcomes.
  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are injectable agents offering A1C reduction, weight loss, and cardiovascular benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review currently approved GLP-1RAs in the U.S. for T2D management.
  • To characterize the efficacy and safety profiles of individual GLP-1RAs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of U.S. approved GLP-1RAs: exenatide, liraglutide, albiglutide, dulaglutide.
  • Analysis of efficacy and safety data for each agent.

Main Results:

  • GLP-1RAs are recommended as add-on or first-line therapy for T2D.
  • Shorter-acting agents improve postprandial control; longer-acting agents improve fasting glucose.
  • Weight and blood pressure reductions are similar; gastrointestinal side effects decrease with longer-acting forms.

Conclusions:

  • GLP-1RAs target multiple T2D mechanisms, improving glycemic control.
  • Differences in formulations necessitate individualized patient treatment selection.
  • Consideration of specific patient needs is crucial for optimal GLP-1RA therapy selection.