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Lattice QCD calculations reveal short-distance electromagnetic contributions in nuclear reactions like neutron-proton capture to deuterium. This provides a direct, quark-gluon interaction-based alternative to meson-exchange currents.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)

Background:

  • Two-nucleon systems and their electromagnetic interactions are crucial for understanding nuclear forces.
  • Current models often use phenomenological meson-exchange currents for short-distance electromagnetic contributions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and calculate short-distance two-body electromagnetic contributions in np→dγ and γ^{(*)}d→np processes.
  • To determine these contributions directly from QCD, bypassing phenomenological models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Lattice QCD to calculate neutron-proton energy levels in magnetic fields.
  • Employing two different quark masses (pion masses ~450 and 806 MeV).
  • Combining Lattice QCD results with pionless nuclear effective field theory.

Main Results:

  • A cross section of ~17 mb was obtained at m_{π}~806 MeV using only Lattice QCD inputs.
  • Extrapolation to the physical pion mass yielded a cross section of σ^{lqcd}(np→dγ)=334.9(+5.2-5.4) mb.
  • The calculated cross section is consistent with the experimental value of σ^{expt}(np→dγ)=334.2(0.5) mb.

Conclusions:

  • Lattice QCD provides a direct, fundamental method to calculate electromagnetic contributions in nuclear reactions.
  • The study validates the use of QCD-derived interactions for nuclear processes.
  • Results align with experimental measurements, supporting the accuracy of the Lattice QCD approach.