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Identifying alterations in metabolic profiles of dairy cows over the past two decades in Japan using principal
1Global Agro-Medicine Research Center, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Field Center of Animal Science and Agriculture, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to identify the metabolic changes that have occurred in Holstein-Friesian cows in Japan over the past 2 decades, based on long-term metabolic profiles. From 1987 to 2004, metabolic profile tests were conducted in 1,700 dairy herds containing ~50,000 cows. The cows were divided into 5 lactation stage groups: early (calving to 49 d in milk, DIM), peak (50-109 DIM), mid (110-209 DIM), and late (210 to dry-off) lactation and the dry period. Principal component analysis was applied to the metabolic profiles at each lactation stage separately to investigate changes in metabolic profiles across the multiyear periods 1987-1992, 1993-1998, and 1999-2004. We determined that cows have probably experienced increasing negative energy balance, energy deficiency, and liver dysfunction during the past 2 decades in Japan.
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