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Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

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Detecting Macroevolutionary Self-Destruction from Phylogenies.

Lindell Bromham¹, Xia Hua², Marcel Cardillo²

¹Centre for Macroevolution and Macroecology, Division of Ecology, Evolution and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia lindell.bromham@anu.edu.au.

Systematic Biology

|October 12, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Negative lineage selection, or "self-destructive" traits, can be detected by analyzing trait distribution patterns on phylogenies. Traits that increase extinction or loss rates scatter across the tips, indicating macroevolutionary self-destruction.

Keywords:

Dead-end diversification extinction lineage selection macroevolution speciation

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A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts

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Published on: February 5, 2014

Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Phylogenetics
Macroevolution

Background:

Lineage selection proposes heritable traits influence persistence and diversification.
Positive lineage selection enhances diversification, while negative selection reduces it.
Self-destructive traits arise frequently but disappear due to high extinction or trait loss rates.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if patterns of negative lineage selection are detectable from trait distributions on phylogenies.
To identify metrics that can indicate macroevolutionary self-destruction.

Main Methods:

Simulated trait evolution on phylogenies using an efficient backward construction approach.
Examined four measures of "tippiness" to detect macroevolutionary self-destruction.
Applied methods to case studies: salt tolerance in grasses, color polymorphism in birds of prey, and selfing in nightshades.

Main Results:

Relative species age (tip length) indicates reduced speciation but not increased extinction or trait loss.
The number of trait-bearing tips per origin and trait scattering across the phylogeny can detect macroevolutionary self-destruction.
Specific metrics effectively identify traits prone to high extinction or loss rates.

Conclusions:

Phylogenetic trait distribution patterns can reveal macroevolutionary self-destruction.
Developed and validated metrics for detecting negative lineage selection.
Methods offer a tool for testing macroevolutionary hypotheses using phylogenetic data.