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Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
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Default mode network abnormalities during state switching in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

J Sidlauskaite1, E Sonuga-Barke1, H Roeyers1

  • 1Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology,Ghent University,Ghent,Belgium.

Psychological Medicine
|October 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) do not show impaired default mode network (DMN) down-regulation when switching to tasks. However, they exhibit difficulties re-engaging the DMN when returning to rest.

Keywords:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorderdefault mode networkinsulastate switching

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is linked to elevated default mode network (DMN) activity during tasks.
  • This hyperactivity may stem from impaired down-regulation of the DMN during rest-to-task transitions.
  • Right anterior insula (rAI) dysfunction has also been implicated in state-switching deficits in ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate DMN and rAI activity during state-to-state switching in adults with ADHD.
  • To test the hypotheses of attenuated DMN down-regulation and rAI dysfunction during rest-to-task switching.
  • To explore if state-switching deficits in ADHD are specific to rest-to-task transitions or indicative of broader regulation issues.

Main Methods:

  • fMRI study involving 19 adults with ADHD and 21 controls.
  • A novel state-to-state switching paradigm with advance cues.
  • Measurement of DMN and rAI modulation during anticipatory periods of rest-to-task and task-to-rest switches.

Main Results:

  • Contrary to hypotheses, ADHD individuals showed intact DMN down-regulation during rest-to-task switching.
  • No significant switch-specific deficit in rAI modulation was observed in the ADHD group.
  • Individuals with ADHD demonstrated impaired DMN up-regulation when switching from task to rest.

Conclusions:

  • Rest-to-task DMN attenuation is not impaired in adults with ADHD and is unrelated to task-related hyperactivity.
  • The findings suggest that ADHD is associated with difficulties in re-initiating a rest state due to attenuated DMN up-regulation.
  • This points to a potential deficit in regulating the transition back to a resting state in individuals with ADHD.