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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

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Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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In Vitro Fertilization01:24

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Epigenetics and assisted reproductive technologies.

Anja Pinborg1, Anne Loft2, Liv B Romundstad3,4

  • 1Fertility Clinic, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark.

Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica
|October 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) may impact offspring health through epigenetic modifications. Research explores links between ART, imprinting disorders, and long-term risks like diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Keywords:
Infertilityassisted reproductiondeliverymorbidityphysiology of reproduction

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental origins of health and disease

Background:

  • Epigenetic programming is crucial during gametogenesis and early embryonic development.
  • Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) coincide with critical epigenetic programming windows.
  • Imprinting disorders are associated with ART, but parental disease effects complicate interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the basic concepts of epigenetics.
  • To provide an overview of literature linking imprinting disorders, epigenetics, and ART.
  • To discuss potential long-term health risks in ART-conceived individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and commentary.
  • Synthesis of epidemiological human studies.
  • Analysis of animal study findings on gene expression.

Main Results:

  • ART is associated with altered birthweight profiles, with cryopreserved embryos linked to higher risk of large-for-gestational-age infants.
  • Animal studies show ART-related altered gene expression impacting glucose metabolism.
  • Long-term metabolic and cardiovascular risks in ART-conceived humans remain controversial.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications during ART may influence offspring health outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the long-term health implications of ART.
  • Disentangling ART effects from parental reproductive disease is essential for understanding risks.