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Specific white matter tissue microstructure changes associated with obesity.

Stephanie Kullmann1, Martina F Callaghan2, Martin Heni3

  • 1Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Germany.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity alters white matter integrity, impacting brain aging and cognitive decline risk. Advanced MRI techniques reveal myelin, water, and iron changes in specific brain tracts correlating with increased body mass index (BMI).

Keywords:
DTIMulti-parametric mappingObesityQuantitative MRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Brain Structure and Function

Background:

  • Obesity is linked to brain structural changes, particularly in white matter, but findings are complex and inconsistent.
  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) has been used to study white matter integrity in obesity, but results are confounded by factors like inflammation and dyslipidemia.
  • There is a need for more specific methods to understand how obesity affects white matter microstructure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate specific white matter tissue properties in relation to body mass index (BMI) by combining DTI with quantitative multi-parameter mapping.
  • To differentiate the effects of BMI on white matter microstructure in lean, overweight, and obese young adults.

Main Methods:

  • Employed quantitative multi-parameter mapping alongside Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in lean, overweight, and obese young adults.
  • Analyzed MRI parameters reflecting myelin, water, and iron content in key white matter tracts.
  • Assessed DTI parameters, including mean and axial diffusivity, in relation to increasing BMI.

Main Results:

  • Multi-parameter mapping revealed reduced myelin, increased water, and altered iron content in white matter tracts (superior longitudinal fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, internal capsule, corpus callosum) with increasing BMI.
  • DTI parameters showed alterations in mean and axial diffusivity, particularly in the corticospinal tract, anterior thalamic radiation, and superior longitudinal fasciculus, correlating with higher BMI.
  • Affected fiber tracts predominantly link limbic and prefrontal regions.

Conclusions:

  • Increasing BMI is associated with specific white matter microstructural alterations, including reduced myelin and altered water and iron content.
  • These BMI-related white matter changes, particularly in tracts connecting limbic and prefrontal areas, may contribute to accelerated brain aging.
  • The findings suggest an increased risk for cognitive decline in individuals with obesity.