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Epidemiology of Pediatric Coccidioidomycosis in California, 2000-2012

Gail L Sondermeyer1, Lauren A Lee, Debra Gilliss

  • 1From the *Infectious Diseases Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California; †Division of Infectious Diseases, Valley Children's Hospital, Madera, California; ‡Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|October 14, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric coccidioidomycosis cases and hospitalizations increased in California from 2000-2012, particularly affecting males and older children. African-American children faced higher hospitalization risks, highlighting the need for increased awareness of this fungal disease.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) cases have risen in the southwestern US.
  • Limited research exists on pediatric coccidioidomycosis epidemiology.
  • This study focuses on California's pediatric population from 2000-2012.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis in California children (≤17 years).
  • To identify demographic risk factors for coccidioidomycosis in this population.
  • To assess the burden of pediatric coccidioidomycosis, including hospitalizations and deaths.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewed surveillance, hospitalization, and death datasets (2000-2012).
  • Calculated incidence rates and analyzed demographic characteristics.
  • Used Poisson regression to identify risk factors and associated immunocompromising conditions.

Main Results:

  • 3453 cases, 1301 hospitalizations, and 11 deaths identified in California children.
  • Annual rates increased, peaking in males, older children (12-17), and endemic areas.
  • African-American children had higher hospitalization risk (RR=1.4); 12-27% of severe cases had immunocompromising conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric coccidioidomycosis cases and hospitalizations have increased in California, mirroring adult trends.
  • Certain demographic groups are disproportionately affected.
  • Increased awareness and research are crucial for this reemerging fungal infection.
Abstract

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