Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 1, 2026
Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients
Published on: December 16, 2022
The influence of a concurrent cognitive task on lower limb reaction time among stroke survivors with right- or
Objective:
To determine the impact of cognitive interference on foot pedal reaction time among stroke survivors with right- (RH) or left-hemiplegia (LH).
Design:
Cross-sectional comparison without randomization.
Subjects/Patients:
10 patients post-stroke with RH, 10 with LH; 10 age-matched controls.
Methods:
Foot pedal response times were measured using three different reaction time (RT) paradigms: simple RT, dual-task RT (counting backward by serial 3 seconds), and choice RT (correct response contingent on stimuli to eliminate pre-programing). RH and LH used the non-paretic leg for all trials. Three 3 (RT task) × 3 (group) mixed-model factorial ANOVAs were used to compare RT, movement time (MT), total response time (TRT).
Results:
Overall controls demonstrated faster RT than RH (332 ± 73 versus 474 ± 144 ms, P < 0.001) or LH (402 ± 127 ms, P < 0.05); LH group demonstrated faster RT than those with RH (P < 0.05). Control subjects demonstrated significantly faster RT than RH for all RT conditions (P < 0.05 for all). In contrast, controls achieved significantly faster RT than LH for the choice RT condition only (P < 0.05), but not for the simple (P = 0.12) or dual-task RT conditions (P = 0.25).
Conclusions:
Compared to controls, response time was significantly impaired among LH and RH when the response could not be pre-programmed. While current simple RT testing commonly employed by driver rehab specialists may be sufficient for detecting RT deficits in patients with RH, simple or dual-task RT tests alone may fail to detect RT deficiencies among LH, even when testing the non-paretic limb. Choice RT should be added to post-stroke driver fitness assessment, particularly for patients with LH.
