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Combining Imaging and Electrophysiology to Visualize and Record Spreading Depolarizations in Mice
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Cortical spreading depolarization: Pathophysiology, implications, and future directions.

Daniel R Kramer1, Tatsuhiro Fujii1, Ifije Ohiorhenuan1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia
|October 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) is a wave of neuronal dysfunction impacting ion balance and blood flow after brain injury. Research explores its role in conditions like stroke and migraine, with potential therapeutic targets identified.

Keywords:
Cortical spreading depolarizationElectrocorticographyEpilepsySpreading depressionSubarachnoid hemorrhageTraumatic brain injuryVasospasm

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pathophysiology
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) is a significant neurological event characterized by ion imbalance and altered brain activity.
  • It follows various neurological insults, including traumatic brain injuries, strokes, and migraines.
  • CSD involves a cascade of cellular events, including glutamate excitotoxicity and ion channel dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of cortical spreading depolarization.
  • To discuss the implications of CSD in various neurological conditions.
  • To highlight potential therapeutic strategies targeting CSD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CSD in animal and human studies.
  • Analysis of the electrophysiological and vascular changes associated with CSD.
  • Examination of the molecular mechanisms underlying CSD onset and propagation.

Main Results:

  • CSD is a spreading wave of neuronal depolarization and ion dysregulation.
  • It triggers detrimental vascular responses, including vasoconstriction and ischemia, exacerbating injury.
  • CSD is implicated in the progression of neurological damage in conditions like stroke and TBI.

Conclusions:

  • CSD represents a critical pathophysiological process following neurological injury.
  • Understanding CSD mechanisms is vital for developing treatments for conditions like stroke and migraine.
  • Therapeutic interventions targeting ion channels and glutamate receptors show promise in mitigating CSD effects.