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The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
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Biliary Mucosal Barrier and Microbiome.

Julien Verdier1, Tom Luedde1, Gernot Sellge1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.

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|October 16, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The biliary system harbors a complex microbiota, challenging the sterile organ theory. Microbial imbalances, not single bacteria, likely drive biliary inflammatory diseases.

Keywords:
Bile acidsCholecystolithiasisGallstonesMicrobiomeMicrobiotaPBCPSCPrimary biliary cirrhosisPrimary sclerosing cholangitis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The biliary system interacts closely with the intestinal microbiota.
  • Microbial products are increasingly implicated as triggers for biliary diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the role of the biliary and intestinal microbiome in biliary inflammatory diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of human and animal studies.
  • Analysis of findings on biliary microbiota composition and function.

Main Results:

  • The healthy biliary system is not sterile, harboring a complex microbiota.
  • Biliary mucosa possesses barriers that promote tolerance to commensals.
  • Microbial triggers can influence acute and chronic biliary and liver inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Dysbiosis of the biliary or intestinal microbiota, rather than specific microbes, may drive disease progression.