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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers
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Graphene-Based Thermopile for Thermal Imaging Applications.

Allen L Hsu1, Patrick K Herring2, Nathaniel M Gabor3

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

Nano Letters
|October 16, 2015
PubMed
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Graphene photodetectors achieve high room-temperature responsivity for thermal imaging. This graphene-based infrared detector technology shows promise for detecting human thermal radiation and improving infrared detector performance metrics.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Graphene possesses a tunable Seebeck coefficient, a property not fully exploited in thermal imaging.
  • Existing thermal imaging technologies face limitations in sensitivity and operating temperature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a graphene-based thermal imaging system utilizing photothermo-electric detectors.
  • To achieve high room-temperature responsivity and explore graphene's potential for infrared detection.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of graphene photothermo-electric detectors with micromachined silicon nitride membranes.
  • Characterization of responsivity and time constant at room temperature.
  • Detection and imaging of blackbody targets at various temperatures.
Keywords:
Graphenedetectorsinfraredmicroelectromechanical Systemsthermal imagingthermopile

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Main Results:

  • Achieved room-temperature responsivities of ~7-9 V/W at 10.6 μm with a time constant of ~23 ms.
  • Demonstrated stand-off imaging of blackbody targets (300-500 K) due to enhanced thermal isolation and broadband absorption.
  • Extrapolated potential for detectivity (>8 × 10^8 cm Hz^(1/2) W^(-1)) and noise equivalent temperature difference (<100 mK) exceeding standard thermocouple materials.

Conclusions:

  • Graphene-based thermal imaging systems offer significant performance advantages over traditional materials.
  • Even average graphene carrier mobility is sufficient for detecting human thermal radiation.
  • This technology paves the way for advanced, room-temperature infrared detection and imaging.