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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

277
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
277
Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management01:28

Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management

194
Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...
194
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

219
Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
219
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

330
Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
330
Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

308
Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
308
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

1.2K
Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
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Related Experiment Videos

Pacemaker Dependency after Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.

Curtis M Steyers1, Rohan Khera1, Prashant Bhave2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America.

Plos One
|October 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Pacemaker dependency after cardiac surgery varies widely, with rates from 32%-91%. Inconsistent risk factors highlight the need for standardized definitions to guide permanent pacemaker implantation decisions.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Device Research

Background:

  • Severe postoperative conduction disturbances are common after cardiac surgery.
  • Permanent pacemaker implantation is frequently required.
  • Long-term pacing needs and pacemaker dependency risks remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review literature on pacemaker dependency rates and predictors.
  • To analyze long-term pacing requirements post-cardiac surgery.
  • To identify risk factors for pacemaker dependency in this patient cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of Medline, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases.
  • Inclusion/exclusion criteria applied to identify relevant studies.
  • Analysis of 10 unique studies involving 780 patients.

Main Results:

  • Pacemaker dependency rates varied significantly (32%-91%) across studies.
  • Recovery of atrioventricular (AV) conduction occurred in 16%-42% of patients.
  • Heterogeneity in pacemaker dependency definitions and inconsistent risk factor identification were noted.

Conclusions:

  • Pacemaker dependency following cardiac surgery is variable.
  • Perioperative risk factors are inconsistently identified.
  • Standardized definitions are needed to optimize permanent pacemaker implantation strategies.