Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

889
Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
889
Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

3.8K
Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
3.8K
Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

1.5K
Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
1.5K
Peptidoglycan Synthesis01:28

Peptidoglycan Synthesis

4.2K
Structure of PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan is a vital structural component of the bacterial cell wall, providing mechanical strength and shape to the cell. It consists of repeating units of two sugars—N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)—linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These sugar chains are cross-linked by short peptide chains, forming a mesh-like polymer that surrounds the bacterial plasma membrane.Cytoplasmic Phase – Precursor SynthesisPeptidoglycan...
4.2K
Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

5.2K
Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
5.2K
Phase II Reactions: Glucuronidation01:24

Phase II Reactions: Glucuronidation

2.1K
Glucuronidation, a pivotal phase II biotransformation process, involves the coupling of glucuronic acid to a drug or xenobiotic. Given its widespread occurrence and critical role in drug metabolism, it's considered the most crucial phase II reaction. It enhances the water solubility of substances, aiding their expulsion from the body. The driving force behind these reactions is a group of enzymes known as UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). UGTs facilitate the transfer of a glucuronic acid...
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tau positron emission tomography analysis methods for the quantification of tau spread in preclinical and early Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Bridging classical and continuous directed evolution.

Nature microbiology·2026
Same author

Phage-assisted continuous evolution of enzymes for noncanonical tyrosine biosynthesis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Use of Doppler Ultrasound During Surgical Treatment of Intradural Spinal Arteriovenous Fistula.

World neurosurgery·2026
Same author

Identification of Secondary Nucleation Inhibitors of Amyloid-β Aggregation by Cellular Selection of a SICLOPPS Library.

Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology·2026
Same author

Tendon Transfer Fixation in Patients With Neuromuscular Disease.

Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides
08:46

Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides

Published on: July 26, 2018

9.3K

Concise total synthesis of glucosepane.

Cristian Draghici1, Tina Wang1, David A Spiegel2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Scientists synthesized glucosepane, a complex molecule linked to diabetes and aging. This breakthrough provides pure glucosepane for further research into its role in human health and disease.

More Related Videos

Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis of N-glycans for Array Development and HIV Antibody Profiling
11:08

Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis of N-glycans for Array Development and HIV Antibody Profiling

Published on: February 5, 2018

9.2K
Hierarchical and Programmable One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis
09:56

Hierarchical and Programmable One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis

Published on: September 6, 2019

7.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides
08:46

Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides

Published on: July 26, 2018

9.3K
Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis of N-glycans for Array Development and HIV Antibody Profiling
11:08

Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis of N-glycans for Array Development and HIV Antibody Profiling

Published on: February 5, 2018

9.2K
Hierarchical and Programmable One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis
09:56

Hierarchical and Programmable One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis

Published on: September 6, 2019

7.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Glucosepane is a complex protein posttranslational modification found in all organisms.
  • It is implicated in the pathology of diabetes and human aging.
  • Previous studies were limited by the lack of pure glucosepane for research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve the total synthesis of glucosepane.
  • To develop a method for preparing the core 4H-imidazole tautomer.
  • To provide sufficient pure glucosepane for biological investigation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a one-pot method for synthesizing the 4H-imidazole core.
  • Executed a concise, convergent, and enantioselective total synthesis.
  • Utilized commercially available starting materials.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized glucosepane in eight steps with a 12% overall yield.
  • The synthesis is efficient, convergent, and enantioselective.
  • Produced chemically homogeneous glucosepane for study.

Conclusions:

  • The total synthesis of glucosepane has been achieved.
  • This provides a crucial tool for studying glucosepane's role in human health and disease.
  • The developed synthetic methods advance heterocyclic chemistry.