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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....
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Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
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Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

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Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
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Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
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Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease

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Next-Generation Sequencing to Guide Clinical Trials.

Lillian L Siu1, Barbara A Conley2, Scott Boerner3

  • 1Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. lillian.siu@uhn.ca.

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
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Genomic sequencing advances cancer treatment by enabling targeted therapies. Clinical trials must adapt eligibility criteria beyond histology and stage to molecular profiles for precision medicine success.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Advances in understanding cancer mutations and genomic sequencing facilitate targeted drug development.
  • Traditional clinical trial eligibility criteria (histology, stage) are insufficient for molecularly targeted therapies.

Discussion:

  • Designing clinical trials for targeted cancer treatments requires molecular subgroup stratification.
  • Challenges include assay selection, evidence for gene variants, tumor heterogeneity, resistance mechanisms, patient screening, infrastructure, and collaboration.

Key Insights:

  • Molecular variants are crucial for patient selection in targeted cancer therapy trials.
  • New trial designs are emerging to test targeted treatments in specific molecular subgroups.

Outlook:

  • Overcoming implementation challenges is key to realizing the potential of precision oncology.
  • Future clinical trials will increasingly rely on molecular eligibility criteria for improved cancer treatment efficacy.