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    The ontological turn in Science and Technology Studies emphasizes how practices shape reality, rather than just perspectives. Ontologies emerge from human engagement with the material world, with practices being primary.

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    Area of Science:

    • Science and Technology Studies (STS)
    • Ontology
    • Philosophy of Science

    Background:

    • The concept of an 'ontological turn' is increasingly discussed within Science and Technology Studies (STS).
    • This turn involves examining multiple and historical ontologies, often contrasted with constructivist approaches.
    • Previous interpretations risk reducing the ontological turn to mere perspectivism, which is insufficient.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore recent scholarship on multiple and historical ontologies within STS.
    • To critically assess the relationship between the ontological turn and constructivism.
    • To reframe the ontological turn as fundamentally about the multiplicity of practices and their world-shaping capabilities.

    Main Methods:

    • Commentary and critical analysis of existing literature, particularly articles from the journal.
    • Comparison of the ontological turn with established constructivist frameworks in STS.
    • Focus on the linguistic analysis of verbs used to describe relations between practices and objects.

    Main Results:

    • The ontological turn is better understood as concerning the diversity of practices and their material impact.
    • Ontologies are derivative, arising from the fundamental practices through which humans interact with things.
    • The analytical verbs used in STS are often specific instances of constructivist verbs.

    Conclusions:

    • The ontological turn signifies a shift towards understanding how practices constitute reality.
    • Practices are foundational, and ontologies are shaped by these engagements.
    • The distinction between the ontological turn and constructivism lies primarily in emphasis and analytical utility for different research purposes.