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Relationships between Circulating Urea Concentrations and Endometrial Function in Postpartum Dairy Cows.

Zhangrui Cheng¹, Chike F Oguejiofor², Theerawat Swangchan-Uthai³

¹Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK. zcheng@rvc.ac.uk.

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Summary

High or low urea levels in dairy cows impact fertility. This study suggests lipid metabolism, not urea itself, affects uterine healing and immune response post-calving, influencing fertility outcomes.

Keywords:

cholesterol endometrium innate immunity involution protein metabolism

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Area of Science:

Reproductive biology
Animal science
Metabolomics

Background:

Circulating urea concentrations, a product of protein metabolism, are linked to reduced dairy cow fertility via unclear mechanisms.
Uterine involution and immune response post-calving are crucial for subsequent fertility.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between plasma urea concentrations and endometrial gene expression in postpartum dairy cows.
To explore the direct effect of urea on bovine endometrial cells and identify key genes and pathways involved.

Main Methods:

Microarray analysis identified genes in postpartum cow endometrium correlated with plasma urea levels (3.2–6.6 mmol/L).
Ingenuity Pathway Analysis mapped biological functions of 781 identified genes.
Bovine endometrial cells were cultured and treated with varying urea concentrations (0–7.5 mmol/L) with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge.

Main Results:

Endometrial gene expression correlated with urea levels involved tissue turnover, immune function, inflammation, and lipid metabolism.
In cell culture, LPS increased S100A8 expression, but urea treatments did not affect the expression of candidate genes (S100A8, HSP5A, IGF1R, IL17RB, BRINP1, CRISPLD2).

Conclusions:

Plasma urea levels may indicate underlying alterations in lipid metabolism rather than directly impacting endometrial gene expression.
Altered lipid metabolism, potentially reflected by urea concentrations, likely influences uterine involution and innate immune response, affecting dairy cow fertility.