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Acute urinary retention and the difficult catheterization: current emergency management
Ania Sliwinski1, Frank T D'Arcy, Ron Sultana
1aUrology Unit, Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne bOlivia Newton-John Cancer Research Centre and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne cEpworth Emergency Department, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
Summary
Acute urinary retention (AUR) requires prompt emergency department management via bladder drainage. This review details investigations, guidelines, and techniques for managing AUR, including difficult catheterizations and polytrauma cases.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Emergency Medicine
Background:
- Acute urinary retention (AUR) is a frequent emergency department presentation.
- Understanding the pathophysiology of micturition and AUR is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an updated overview of the management, investigations, and guidelines for acute urinary retention.
- To discuss various catheterization techniques and AUR management in complex scenarios.
Main Methods:
- Review of normal micturition mechanisms and theories of AUR.
- Outline of urethral and suprapubic catheterization techniques.
- Discussion of AUR management in polytrauma patients.
Main Results:
- Emergency management focuses on immediate bladder drainage.
- History and physical examination can reveal underlying pathologies.
- Specific techniques for difficult catheterizations are detailed.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of AUR involves prompt bladder decompression.
- Thorough assessment is necessary to identify and address potential latent conditions.
- Guidelines and procedural knowledge are essential for optimal patient outcomes.
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