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Turn-taking: From perception to speech preparation.

Hendrik Wesselmeier1, Horst M Müller1

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Summary

This study found that the readiness potential (RP) onset is linked to actual speech preparation, not just the intention to speak. Syntactic structure can also influence early speech preparation.

Keywords:
Articulation preparationEvent-related potentialHumanReadiness potentialSpoken languageTurn-taking

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Speech Production

Background:

  • Understanding the neural processes underlying spoken language production is crucial for fields like cognitive neuroscience and psycholinguistics.
  • The readiness potential (RP) is a well-known electroencephalography (EEG) signal preceding voluntary movements, but its precise role in speech preparation remains debated.
  • Distinguishing between the intention to speak and the motor preparation of speech is key to understanding response generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the response-related readiness potential (RP) onset reflects actual speech motor preparation or the intention to speak.
  • To examine the influence of syntactic structure on RP onset and speech preparation.
  • To correlate response time (RT) with RP onset to elucidate the timing of speech production processes.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to measure the readiness potential (RP) and event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with spoken answer responses.
  • Response times (RTs) were recorded for interrogative sentences.
  • EEG data were analyzed based on cognitive load and the syntactic structure (number of completion points) of the stimulus questions.

Main Results:

  • The RP onset was found to be more closely associated with the actual motor preparation of speech rather than solely the intention to speak.
  • Syntactic structure significantly influenced RP onset, leading to earlier speech preparation in response to certain structures.
  • Response time (RT) and ERP data supported the interpretation of RP onset as reflecting motor preparation.

Conclusions:

  • The readiness potential (RP) onset in spoken response generation is primarily indicative of motor preparation processes.
  • The complexity of syntactic structures in interrogative sentences can modulate the timing of speech preparation.
  • These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the neural underpinnings of spoken language production and response anticipation.