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Update on stroke risk factors
V L Feigin1, D O Wiebers2, J P Whisnant2
1From the Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, U.S.A.
Insights
Preventing stroke is crucial in the 21st century. This review emphasizes identifying and understanding modifiable stroke risk factors through advanced epidemiologic studies to reduce population impact.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Rising healthcare costs and limited resources necessitate a shift in stroke management.
- Current strategies focus on treating advanced atherosclerosis, but prevention is increasingly vital.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on stroke risk factors.
- To emphasize the importance of modifiable risk factors in stroke prevention.
- To highlight the need for advanced epidemiologic studies.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent epidemiologic studies (last decade) on stroke risk factors.
- Focus on identifying, verifying, and explaining known and unknown risk factors.
- Analysis of interactions between various risk factors.
Main Results:
- New epidemiologic data refine understanding of known stroke risk factors.
- Emphasis on the critical role of modifiable risk factors for future interventions.
- Identification of areas needing further research regarding risk factor interactions and novel factors.
Conclusions:
- A proactive, prevention-focused approach to stroke is essential.
- Further sophisticated research is required to fully elucidate stroke risk factors.
- Targeting modifiable risk factors offers the most promising strategy for reducing stroke's population burden.
Abstract:
As medicine moves into the 21st century, with the added pressures of increasing costs and limited resources, successful diminution of the impact of stroke on the population will require shifting our emphasis away from treating end stages of generalized atherosclerosis and other underlying diseases to preventing underlying diseases and stroke. This approach will require more sophisticated and more definitive studies to identify, verify, and explain better the relative importance of known risk factors, the interactions of various risk factors with one another, and the existence of currently unknown or unverified risk factors. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge about certain stroke risk factors in light of new epidemiologic studies conducted in the last decade with emphasis on modifiable risk factors, now and in the future.
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