Magnetic Resonance-Guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation of Breast Cancer

This chapter describes several aspects of MR-HIFU treatment for breast cancer. The current and future applications, technical developments and clinical results are discussed. MR-HIFU ablation is under investigation for the treatment of breast cancer, but is not yet ready for clinical implementation. Firstly, the efficacy of MR-HIFU ablation should be investigated in large trials. The existing literature shows that results of initial, small studies are moderate, but opportunities for improvement are available. Careful patient selection, taking treatment margins into account and using a dedicated breast system might improve treatment outcomes. MRI-guidance has proven to be beneficial for the accuracy and safety of HIFU treatments because of its usefulness before, during and after treatments. In conclusion, MR-HIFU is promising for the treatment of breast cancer and might lead to a change in breast cancer care in the future.