The pharmacokinetics of chlorinated phenoxy acid herbicides: a literature review

The chlorinated phenoxy acid herbicides (CPAHs) appear to have similar pharmacokinetics. They are rapidly and almost completely absorbed from an oral dose. They distribute to other tissues and are highly protein-bound in the plasma. The CPAHs are rapidly eliminated unchanged in the urine by an active process in the kidneys. Increasing doses apparently influence absorption, metabolism, distribution and elimination of the CPAHs so that biological effects are increased. Combinations of CPAHs are likely to result in additive or potentiated biological effects. Data suggest that CPAH toxicosis may be alleviated by treatment with fluids and bicarbonate to increase urinary pH and volume, thereby increasing excretion.