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Global Nursing Issues and Development: Analysis of World Health Organization Documents
Frances Kam Yuet Wong1, Huaping Liu2, Hui Wang3
1Pi Iota, Professor, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China SAR.
Purpose:
To analyze World Health Organization (WHO) documents to identify global nursing issues and development.
Design:
Qualitative content analysis.
Methods:
Documents published by the six WHO regions between 2007 and 2012 and with key words related to nurse/midwife or nursing/midwifery were included. Themes, categories, and subcategories were derived. The final coding reached 80% agreement among three independent coders, and the final coding for the discrepant coding was reached by consensus.
Findings:
Thirty-two documents from the regions of Europe (n = 19), the Americas (n = 6), the Western Pacific (n = 4), Africa (n = 1), the Eastern Mediterranean (n = 1), and Southeast Asia (n = 1) were examined. A total of 385 units of analysis dispersed in 31 subcategories under four themes were derived. The four themes derived (number of unit of analysis, %) were Management & Leadership (206, 53.5), Practice (75, 19.5), Education (70, 18.2), and Research (34, 8.8).
Conclusions:
The key nursing issues of concern at the global level are workforce, the impacts of nursing in health care, professional status, and education of nurses. International alliances can help advance nursing, but the visibility of nursing in the WHO needs to be strengthened.
Clinical Relevance:
Organizational leadership is important in order to optimize the use of nursing competence in practice and inform policy makers regarding the value of nursing to promote people's health.