Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure. Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Matrix-guided embryo-like invasion enables 3D heart organoids with atrioventricular synchrony-like contraction.

Biomaterials·2026

Same author

Bicuspid Aortic Valve Leaflet Modification Before Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A New Paradigm.

JACC. Advances·2026

Same author

A BRN2:MYC transcriptional axis regulates interconversion between therapy-resistant and tumorigenic phenotypes in melanoma.

Cell reports·2025

Same author

Author Correction: Brahma safeguards canalization of cardiac mesoderm differentiation.

Nature·2025

Same author

Predicting the Surge in Valve-in-Valve Volume: A Comparative Study of Japan and the United States.

JACC. Asia·2025

Same author

Predicting Treatment of Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Failure in the United States: A Proposed Model.

Structural heart : the journal of the Heart Team·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Metabolic Labeling of Newly Transcribed RNA for High Resolution Gene Expression Profiling of RNA Synthesis, Processing and Decay in Cell Culture

Metabolic Labeling of Newly Transcribed RNA for High Resolution Gene Expression Profiling of RNA Synthesis, Processing and Decay in Cell Culture

Published on: August 8, 2013

The Low Noise Limit in Gene Expression.

Roy D Dar¹, Brandon S Razooky², Leor S Weinberger³

¹Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California, United States of America; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America.

|October 22, 2015

Summary

Variability in protein translation, not constitutive noise, dictates gene expression limits. This study reveals two distinct noise patterns: a global floor from bursting and high noise in specific genes.

More Related Videos

Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR

Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR

Published on: March 1, 2019

Processing of Primary Brain Tumor Tissue for Stem Cell Assays and Flow Sorting

Processing of Primary Brain Tumor Tissue for Stem Cell Assays and Flow Sorting

Published on: September 25, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Metabolic Labeling of Newly Transcribed RNA for High Resolution Gene Expression Profiling of RNA Synthesis, Processing and Decay in Cell Culture

Metabolic Labeling of Newly Transcribed RNA for High Resolution Gene Expression Profiling of RNA Synthesis, Processing and Decay in Cell Culture

Published on: August 8, 2013

Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR

Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR

Published on: March 1, 2019

Processing of Primary Brain Tumor Tissue for Stem Cell Assays and Flow Sorting

Processing of Primary Brain Tumor Tissue for Stem Cell Assays and Flow Sorting

Published on: September 25, 2012

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Systems Biology
Biophysics

Background:

Protein noise measurements are crucial for understanding biophysical parameters in gene expression.
Current noise analyses often conflict with directly measured parameters, indicating underlying analytical issues.

Purpose of the Study:

To resolve inconsistencies between protein noise measurements and directly measured biophysical parameters.
To investigate the role of translational bursting in setting the low noise limit of gene expression.

Main Methods:

Analysis of genome-wide translational efficiency variations.
Comparison of noise patterns in gene expression data, specifically in E. coli.

Main Results:

Inconsistencies in noise analysis stem from assuming invariant translation rates and overlooking translational bursting.
Systematic variations in translational efficiency, not constitutive extrinsic noise, control the low noise limit.
Identified two distinct gene expression noise patterns: a global floor from bursting and high noise in select genes.

Conclusions:

Translational bursting variability is a key determinant of the low noise limit in gene expression.
Constitutive extrinsic noise plays a minor role when translational efficiency varies systematically.
Gene expression exhibits distinct noise patterns influenced by bursting mechanisms.