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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

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IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

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Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Identifying Coronary Artery Calcification on Non-gated Computed Tomography Scans
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Mitral Annulus Calcification.

Yigal Abramowitz1, Hasan Jilaihawi1, Tarun Chakravarty1

  • 1Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology
|October 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitral annulus calcification (MAC) is a common heart condition linked to increased cardiovascular risks. Understanding its mechanisms and clinical impact is crucial for patient outcomes.

Keywords:
calcifiedcardiovascular diseasesmitral annular calcificationmitral valvevalvular calcification

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Valvular Heart Disease
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Mitral annulus calcification (MAC) is a chronic, degenerative process affecting the mitral valve's fibrous base.
  • Initially considered age-related, MAC development is increasingly linked to atherosclerosis and calcium-phosphorus metabolism.
  • The clinical significance of MAC is often underestimated despite its prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a clinically relevant description of MAC using contemporary imaging.
  • To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MAC formation.
  • To outline the clinical implications of MAC in cardiovascular disease management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of available published data on Mitral Annulus Calcification.
  • Analysis of contemporary imaging techniques for MAC assessment.
  • Synthesis of information on pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical relevance.

Main Results:

  • MAC is associated with higher rates of cardiovascular disease, mitral valve disease, arrhythmias, and mortality.
  • MAC impacts outcomes of cardiac surgery and interventions.
  • Clinical relevance of MAC is expected to grow with advancements like transcatheter mitral valve replacement.

Conclusions:

  • MAC is a significant clinical entity with broad cardiovascular implications.
  • Understanding MAC's pathophysiology and clinical impact is essential for improving patient care.
  • Contemporary imaging provides a basis for a consistent clinical description of MAC.