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Prefrontal Cortex Activation While Walking Under Dual-Task Conditions in Stroke: A Multimodal Imaging Study.

Emad Al-Yahya1, Heidi Johansen-Berg2, Udo Kischka3

  • 1The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK e.alyahya@ju.edu.jo.

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair
|October 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Stroke survivors show increased brain activity when walking and performing a cognitive task simultaneously. This enhanced brain activation is linked to greater declines in walking ability, highlighting the neural basis of dual-task challenges.

Keywords:
cognitive motor interferencedual taskfMRIgait controlnear-infrared spectroscopyprefrontal cortexrehabilitationstroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Gait Analysis

Background:

  • Walking while multitasking is difficult for stroke survivors.
  • The neural mechanisms underlying dual-task walking challenges in stroke are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine prefrontal cortex activation during single-task (ST) and dual-task (DT) walking in stroke survivors.
  • To correlate brain activation with gait performance under ST and DT conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were used to measure brain activity.
  • Participants included chronic stroke survivors and healthy controls performing treadmill walking and simulated walking under ST and DT conditions.

Main Results:

  • Both groups showed increased prefrontal cortex oxygenated hemoglobin during DT walking compared to ST walking.
  • Stroke survivors exhibited greater increases in brain activation from ST to DT conditions, which correlated with motor performance decrements.
  • fMRI identified increased activation in specific brain regions (e.g., inferior temporal gyri, superior frontal gyri) during DT walking in stroke patients, correlating with behavioral changes.

Conclusions:

  • Enhanced brain activity changes are associated with dual-task motor decrements in stroke survivors.
  • These findings provide novel insights into the neural basis of dual-task walking impairments after stroke.