Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 13, 2026
Application of a Dual Upper Limb Task-Oriented Robotic System for the Functional Recovery of the Upper Limb in Stroke Patients
Published on: October 11, 2024
Validity and Reliability of the Track-UL Algorithm Compared With Kinovea Software for Measuring Upper-Limb Functional
Hatem Lazem1,2,3, David Harris4, Abi Hall1
1Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LP, United Kingdom, +44 7436 959585.
Background:
Approximately 70% of survivors of stroke have problems with arm function. Physiotherapists assess arm functional range of motion (ROM) using either a goniometer or functional questionnaires, which lack objective accuracy and require a skilled physiotherapist. We developed the Track-UL algorithm based on a markerless motion capture system to measure arm ROM.
Objective:
This study aimed to measure the agreement between our novel Track-UL algorithm and Kinovea software in assessing arm ROM during functional tasks in the laboratory and home settings.
Methods:
Videos were recorded while 27 survivors of chronic stroke performed 4 functional tasks (forward reaching, arm abduction, moving the hand toward the mouth, and moving the hand toward the head) in the laboratory and at home. The videos were analyzed by 2 independent raters using the Track-UL algorithm and Kinovea software. The limits of agreement and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated.
Results:
We found no clinically significant systematic bias in shoulder and elbow angle, with good agreement between the Track-UL algorithm and Kinovea software (assessed via Bland-Altman plots). The 95% limits of agreement were -3.18 to 6.41 degrees for the shoulder joint and -5.35 to 8.78 degrees for the elbow joint in the laboratory setting, and -6.21 to 3.62 degrees for the shoulder joint and -4.06 to 2.53 degrees for the elbow joint in the home setting. There was excellent absolute agreement between the measurement tools across all tasks and joints; intraclass correlation coefficient values ranged from 0.97 (95% CI 0.97-0.99) to 0.99 (95% CI 0.99-0.99; P<.001 for both laboratory and home measurements).
Conclusions:
The novel Track-UL algorithm is an accurate, valid, and easy tool that can be used to assess upper-limb ROM in survivors of stroke at clinics and potentially at home. This will support physiotherapists in remotely monitoring and adapting rehabilitation programs.
